TOEFL · Social Sciences & Economy · Beginner
English · 100 cards
Common Social Sciences & Economy vocabulary for the TOEFL, with example sentences.
All cards in TOEFL · Social Sciences & Economy · Beginner
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money
n. what people use to buy things
She saved money to buy a bike.
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job
n. the work a person does for pay
He found a new job in the city.
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work
n. activity done to earn a living
She enjoys her work at the school.
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price
n. the amount of money for something
The price of bread went up.
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buy
v. to get something by paying money
They want to buy a house.
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sell
v. to give something for money
The shop sells fresh fruit.
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trade
n. the buying and selling of goods
Trade between the two towns grew.
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market
n. a place where things are bought and sold
We bought vegetables at the market.
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business
n. an activity of making and selling things
He started a small business.
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company
n. a group that makes or sells things
She works for a big company.
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customer
n. a person who buys goods or services
The customer paid with cash.
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product
n. something made to be sold
This product is very popular.
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service
n. work done for other people
The hotel offers great service.
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worker
n. a person who does a job
The workers built the bridge.
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factory
n. a building where goods are made
Cars are made in the factory.
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income
n. money a person earns
His income comes from teaching.
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profit
n. money gained after costs
The shop made a good profit.
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save
v. to keep money for later
They save money every month.
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spend
v. to use money to buy things
She spends a lot on books.
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cost
n. the price needed to buy or do something
The cost of the trip was high.
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pay
v. to give money for something
He paid for dinner.
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bank
n. a place that keeps and lends money
She put her savings in the bank.
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tax
n. money paid to the government
Everyone must pay tax.
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society
n. a large group of people living together
Schools are important to society.
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community
n. a group of people in one area
The community held a festival.
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culture
n. the way of life of a group
Food is part of every culture.
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family
n. parents and their children
Her family lives in the country.
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people
n. human beings in general
Many people came to the event.
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group
n. a number of people together
The group studied together.
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leader
n. a person who guides others
A good leader listens to people.
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government
n. the people who rule a country
The government built new roads.
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country
n. a nation with its own land
Japan is an island country.
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nation
n. a large group with one government
The nation celebrated its history.
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city
n. a large town
Many people move to the city.
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law
n. a rule made by the government
Breaking the law has consequences.
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rule
n. a statement of what is allowed
Students must follow the rules.
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right
n. something a person is allowed to have
Everyone has the right to vote.
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vote
v. to choose by ballot in an election
Citizens vote for their leaders.
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election
n. the act of choosing leaders by vote
The election was held last week.
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citizen
n. a member of a country
Every citizen has duties.
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behavior
n. the way a person acts
Kind behavior helps everyone.
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emotion
n. a strong feeling
Fear is a common emotion.
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feeling
n. an emotional state
She had a happy feeling.
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mind
n. the part of a person that thinks
He kept his mind on the task.
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memory
n. the ability to remember
She has a good memory for names.
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attitude
n. a way of thinking about something
He has a positive attitude.
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opinion
n. what a person thinks about something
Everyone shared their opinion.
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belief
n. something a person thinks is true
Their belief gives them hope.
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choice
n. the act of choosing
She made a wise choice.
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decision
n. a choice that a person makes
He made an important decision.
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goal
n. something a person wants to achieve
Her goal is to help others.
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need
n. something necessary to have
Food is a basic need.
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problem
n. a difficult situation to solve
They solved the problem together.
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solution
n. an answer to a problem
We found a good solution.
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change
n. the act of becoming different
Society goes through change.
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help
v. to make things easier for someone
Volunteers help the poor.
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share
v. to give a part to others
They share the work fairly.
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support
v. to help or encourage someone
Parents support their children.
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agree
v. to have the same opinion
The members agree on the plan.
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respect
v. to admire and value someone
Students respect their teacher.
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trust
v. to believe someone is honest
People trust their friends.
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care
v. to feel concern for someone
She cares about her neighbors.
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learn
v. to gain new knowledge
Children learn from experience.
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teach
v. to give knowledge to others
She teaches young children.
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study
v. to learn about a subject
They study human behavior.
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research
n. careful study to find facts
His research focused on cities.
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survey
n. a set of questions to gather data
They did a survey of voters.
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data
n. facts and figures collected
The data showed a clear trend.
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result
n. what is produced by an action
The result surprised everyone.
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number
n. a quantity expressed in figures
The number of students grew.
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population
n. the number of people in a place
The city has a large population.
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poor
adj. having little money
The program helps poor families.
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rich
adj. having a lot of money
Some rich people give to charity.
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free
adj. not costing money or controlled
The library offers free books.
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public
adj. open to all people
The park is a public space.
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private
adj. belonging to one person or group
This is a private meeting.
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common
adj. happening often or shared by many
Bikes are a common sight here.
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modern
adj. belonging to the present time
Modern life is fast and busy.
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social
adj. relating to people and society
Humans are social beings.
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local
adj. relating to a particular area
The local shops are busy.
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global
adj. relating to the whole world
Trade is now a global activity.
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important
adj. having great value or meaning
Education is very important.
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develop
v. to grow or improve
Cities develop over time.
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grow
v. to increase in size or amount
The economy continues to grow.
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build
v. to make something by joining parts
They build homes for the poor.
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create
v. to make something new
New laws create new rules.
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manage
v. to be in charge of something
She manages a small team.
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plan
v. to decide what to do in advance
The city plans new schools.
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control
v. to have power over something
The law controls how we drive.
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follow
v. to act according to a rule
Drivers follow the traffic rules.
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join
v. to become a member of a group
She joined the club last year.
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report
n. a written account of facts
He wrote a report on poverty.
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example
n. a thing used to show a point
She gave a clear example.
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reason
n. the cause of something
There was a good reason for it.
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effect
n. a result of an action
The new law had a big effect.
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benefit
n. a helpful or good result
Exercise has many benefits.
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value
n. the worth or importance of something
Honesty has great value.
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power
n. the ability to control or act
The leader has great power.
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freedom
n. the state of being free
People value their freedom.
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teamwork
n. the work done by a group together
Good teamwork solved the problem.
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