SAT · Science & Data · Intermediate

• hypothesis

  n. an idea you test to see if it is true

  The scientists wrote a hypothesis before the trial.

• analyze

  v. to study something carefully to understand it

  We will analyze the figures from last year.

• variable

  n. a factor that can change in an experiment

  Temperature was the main variable in the trial.

• control

  n. a standard used to compare results

  The control showed no change at all.

• correlation

  n. a link between two things that change together

  There is a correlation between sleep and focus.

• evidence

  n. facts that show something is true

  The results gave strong evidence for the idea.

• conclusion

  n. a final judgment based on facts

  Our conclusion matched the earlier findings.

• accurate

  adj. correct and free from mistakes

  The new tool gives an accurate reading.

• precise

  adj. exact and very detailed

  She needs a precise count of each item.

• estimate

  v. to make a rough guess about an amount

  They estimate the cost will rise next year.

• average

  n. the middle value found by sharing equally

  The average score was higher this term.

• trend

  n. a general direction of change over time

  The trend shows steady growth each month.

• factor

  n. one thing that helps cause a result

  Cost is an important factor in the choice.

• method

  n. a planned way of doing something

  This method gives clearer outcomes.

• procedure

  n. a set of steps done in order

  Follow the procedure exactly for safety.

• observation

  n. something noticed by watching closely

  His observation led to a new question.

• measurement

  n. a value found by using a tool

  The measurement was taken three times.

• quantity

  n. an amount of something

  A large quantity of salt was added.

• percentage

  n. a part of a whole shown out of one hundred

  A high percentage of cells survived.

• ratio

  n. a comparison of two amounts

  The ratio of boys to girls was equal.

• survey

  n. a set of questions asked to many people

  The survey reached over a thousand people.

• statistic

  n. a single fact shown as a number

  This statistic surprised the whole team.

• calculate

  v. to find an answer using math

  Please calculate the total weight.

• predict

  v. to say what will happen in the future

  The model can predict tomorrow's weather.

• examine

  v. to look at something closely

  The doctor will examine the samples.

• evaluate

  v. to judge the value or quality of something

  We must evaluate each option fairly.

• significant

  adj. large or important enough to notice

  The drop was significant and clear.

• reliable

  adj. able to be trusted to give the same result

  The device proved reliable over time.

• valid

  adj. based on sound reasoning or fact

  Her argument was valid and well supported.

• bias

  n. an unfair leaning toward one side

  We tried to remove bias from the poll.

• error

  n. a mistake in a value or process

  A small error changed the final answer.

• range

  n. the spread between the lowest and highest values

  The range of ages was very wide.

• frequency

  n. how often something happens

  The frequency of storms increased.

• distribution

  n. the way values are spread out

  The distribution of scores looked even.

• comparison

  n. the act of looking at differences

  A comparison of both groups was useful.

• classify

  v. to sort things into named groups

  Scientists classify rocks by their type.

• organism

  n. any living thing

  A single organism can carry many cells.

• species

  n. a group of similar living things

  This species lives only in cold water.

• cell

  n. the smallest unit of a living thing

  Each cell holds important material.

• molecule

  n. a tiny unit made of joined atoms

  A water molecule has three atoms.

• reaction

  n. a change caused when things act together

  The reaction produced a bright flash.

• particle

  n. a very small piece of matter

  Dust particles floated in the air.

• density

  n. how much mass is packed into a space

  Ice has a lower density than water.

• velocity

  n. speed in a given direction

  The ball gained velocity as it fell.

• mass

  n. the amount of matter in an object

  The block has a mass of two kilograms.

• volume

  n. the amount of space something fills

  The volume of the box is small.

• temperature

  n. a measure of how hot or cold something is

  The temperature rose during the test.

• pressure

  n. a force pushing on a surface

  High pressure can crush the can.

• solution

  n. a liquid with something mixed evenly in it

  The salt formed a clear solution.

• mixture

  n. two or more things combined together

  The mixture had sand and water.

• compound

  n. a substance made of joined elements

  Salt is a common compound.

• element

  n. a basic substance that cannot be split

  Oxygen is a vital element for life.

• atom

  n. the smallest unit of an element

  Every atom has a tiny center.

• acid

  n. a sour substance that can react strongly

  The acid burned a hole in the cloth.

• vapor

  n. a substance in gas form from a liquid

  Water vapor rose from the hot pot.

• fluid

  n. a substance that can flow freely

  The fluid moved through the thin tube.

• mineral

  n. a natural solid found in the earth

  This rock contains a rare mineral.

• gravity

  n. the force that pulls things toward earth

  Gravity made the apple drop.

• force

  n. a push or pull on an object

  A strong force moved the heavy cart.

• motion

  n. the act of moving

  The camera caught the rapid motion.

• electron

  n. a tiny charged part of an atom

  An electron carries a small charge.

• charge

  n. an amount of electricity in something

  The battery lost its charge fast.

• current

  n. a flow of electricity or fluid

  The current moved through the wire.

• circuit

  n. a closed path for electricity

  The circuit broke when it overheated.

• magnet

  n. an object that pulls metal toward it

  The magnet held the pins firmly.

• orbit

  n. the curved path of one body around another

  The moon follows a steady orbit.

• planet

  n. a large body that circles a star

  Each planet moves at a different speed.

• fossil

  n. the remains of an ancient living thing

  The fossil was buried deep in rock.

• genetic

  adj. related to the units that pass on traits

  A genetic change altered the plant.

• bacteria

  n. tiny living things too small to see

  These bacteria spread very quickly.

• virus

  n. a tiny agent that causes disease

  The virus weakened the host cells.

• tissue

  n. a group of similar cells in the body

  The tissue was studied under a lens.

• nerve

  n. a fiber that carries signals in the body

  A nerve sends pain signals quickly.

• oxygen

  n. a gas that living things need to breathe

  Fish take in oxygen from the water.

• carbon

  n. an element found in all living things

  Carbon forms the base of many compounds.

• nutrient

  n. a substance that helps living things grow

  Plants draw nutrients from the soil.

• trial

  n. a test done to check something

  The first trial gave odd numbers.

• dimension

  n. a measurable extent such as length or width

  They recorded the dimensions of the box.

• interval

  n. the space or gap between two values

  Readings were taken at regular intervals.

• formula

  n. a rule written with symbols

  The formula gave a quick answer.

• equation

  n. a math statement showing two equal sides

  She solved the equation in seconds.

• column

  n. a vertical line of items in a table

  Read the values down the first column.

• tabulate

  v. to arrange data in a table

  The researcher tabulated the test scores.

• label

  v. to mark something with a name

  Please label each jar clearly.

• detect

  v. to discover the presence of something

  The sensor can detect a faint signal.

• verify

  v. to check that something is true

  We must verify the figures again.

• compute

  v. to work out an answer using numbers

  The program can compute the result fast.

• investigate

  v. to look into something carefully

  They will investigate the strange noise.

• confirm

  v. to show that something is true

  The second test confirmed the finding.

• compile

  v. to gather data into one collection

  The team compiled the survey responses.

• demonstrate

  v. to show clearly how something works

  The teacher will demonstrate the steps.

• indicate

  v. to point out or show something

  The arrow indicates the right path.

• illustrate

  v. to make something clear with examples

  The chart illustrates the rise well.

• consistent

  adj. always behaving in the same way

  The readings were consistent all day.

• random

  adj. happening without a fixed plan

  The names were picked in random order.

• relevant

  adj. closely connected to the topic

  Only relevant facts were included.

• approximate

  adj. close to but not exactly correct

  The approximate weight is ten grams.

• sufficient

  adj. as much as is needed

  We had sufficient data to decide.

• proportion

  n. a part considered in relation to the whole

  A small proportion of seeds grew.

• component

  n. one part of a larger whole

  Each component plays a clear role.

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