IELTS · Health & Technology · Advanced

• epidemiology

  n. the study of how disease spreads

  Epidemiology helps predict future outbreaks.

• sedentary

  adj. involving little physical movement

  A sedentary lifestyle raises health risks.

• biotechnology

  n. the use of living systems in technology

  Biotechnology has transformed modern medicine.

• algorithm

  n. a set of rules a computer follows

  The algorithm predicts patient risk levels.

• cybersecurity

  n. protection of computer systems

  Cybersecurity safeguards sensitive medical data.

• telemedicine

  n. medical care given at a distance

  Telemedicine connects rural patients with experts.

• resilience

  n. the ability to recover from hardship

  Mental resilience helps patients endure treatment.

• longevity

  n. a long duration of life

  Healthy habits contribute to longevity.

• pathogen

  n. a microbe that causes disease

  The new pathogen spread across continents.

• surveillance

  n. close watching of something

  Disease surveillance detects threats early.

• encryption

  n. coding of data to keep it secret

  Encryption protects patient records online.

• sustainability

  n. the ability to keep going long term

  Healthcare sustainability depends on funding.

• prognosis

  n. a prediction of how illness will develop

  The prognosis after surgery was encouraging.

• comorbidity

  n. the presence of more than one illness

  Comorbidity complicates the patient's treatment.

• inflammation

  n. swelling caused by the body's defense

  Chronic inflammation can damage organs.

• genome

  n. the complete set of genes

  Scientists mapped the human genome.

• biomarker

  n. a measurable sign of a condition

  This biomarker indicates early disease.

• immunization

  n. the process of making someone immune

  Mass immunization reduced child mortality.

• pharmaceutical

  adj. relating to medical drugs

  Pharmaceutical research takes many years.

• interface

  n. a point where systems interact

  The device has a simple user interface.

• analytics

  n. the analysis of data for insights

  Health analytics reveal hidden patterns.

• infrastructure

  n. basic systems that support a society

  Digital infrastructure underpins modern hospitals.

• interoperability

  n. the ability of systems to work together

  Interoperability lets clinics share records easily.

• predisposition

  n. a tendency to develop a condition

  Genes can create a predisposition to disease.

• rehabilitation

  n. the process of restoring health or skills

  Rehabilitation restored his ability to walk.

• intervention

  n. an action taken to improve a situation

  Early intervention improves survival rates.

• optimization

  n. the act of making something most effective

  Workflow optimization shortened waiting times.

• diagnostic

  adj. used to identify an illness

  The diagnostic tool detects subtle anomalies.

• neurological

  adj. relating to the nervous system

  The scan revealed a neurological disorder.

• cardiovascular

  adj. relating to the heart and blood vessels

  Exercise lowers cardiovascular disease risk.

• metabolic

  adj. relating to the body's chemistry

  Obesity increases metabolic disorders.

• hereditary

  adj. passed from parents to children

  Some cancers have a hereditary component.

• autonomous

  adj. able to act without human control

  Autonomous robots assist in delicate surgery.

• scalable

  adj. able to grow without losing efficiency

  The platform is scalable to millions of users.

• holistic

  adj. treating the whole person, not just parts

  Holistic care addresses body and mind.

• proactive

  adj. acting in advance to prevent problems

  Proactive monitoring prevents complications.

• empirical

  adj. based on observation and experiment

  The therapy rests on empirical evidence.

• robust

  adj. strong and able to withstand stress

  The system needs a robust security model.

• adaptive

  adj. able to adjust to new conditions

  Adaptive software learns from user behavior.

• ubiquitous

  adj. present everywhere

  Wearable sensors have become ubiquitous.

• mitigate

  v. to make something less severe

  New drugs mitigate the worst symptoms.

• alleviate

  v. to ease pain or suffering

  The therapy helped alleviate her anxiety.

• synthesize

  v. to make by combining parts

  Labs can synthesize new compounds quickly.

• integrate

  v. to combine into a whole

  Hospitals integrate data from many sources.

• streamline

  v. to make a process more efficient

  Software can streamline patient intake.

• augment

  v. to add to and improve something

  Technology augments a doctor's judgment.

• deploy

  v. to put into use

  The clinic deployed a new monitoring system.

• validate

  v. to confirm something is correct

  Researchers validate each new method carefully.

• correlate

  v. to show a mutual relationship

  Poor sleep correlates with weaker immunity.

• predispose

  v. to make more likely to have a condition

  Smoking predisposes people to lung disease.

• exacerbate

  v. to make a problem worse

  Stress can exacerbate chronic pain.

• prevalence

  n. how common something is

  The prevalence of diabetes keeps rising.

• incidence

  n. the rate of new cases

  The incidence of flu peaks in winter.

• mortality

  n. the rate of death in a population

  Better care reduced infant mortality.

• morbidity

  n. the rate of illness in a population

  Obesity raises overall morbidity rates.

• microbiome

  n. the community of microbes in the body

  The gut microbiome affects overall health.

• antibody

  n. a protein that fights infection

  The body produces antibodies after infection.

• antigen

  n. a substance that triggers an immune response

  The vaccine introduces a harmless antigen.

• diagnostics

  n. tools and methods for finding disease

  AI diagnostics speed up cancer detection.

• bioinformatics

  n. the use of computing in biology

  Bioinformatics analyzes vast genetic datasets.

• nanotechnology

  n. technology at a very tiny scale

  Nanotechnology delivers drugs to exact cells.

• telehealth

  n. health services delivered remotely

  Telehealth expanded rapidly during the pandemic.

• pandemic

  n. a disease spread over many countries

  The pandemic strained healthcare systems worldwide.

• quarantine

  n. isolation to stop disease spread

  Travelers faced a two-week quarantine.

• contagious

  adj. able to spread by contact

  Measles is highly contagious.

• benign

  adj. not harmful or dangerous

  The tumor was found to be benign.

• malignant

  adj. very harmful, often cancerous

  The biopsy showed malignant cells.

• degenerative

  adj. getting worse over time

  Alzheimer's is a degenerative disease.

• preventative

  adj. designed to stop illness early

  Preventative screening lowers long-term costs.

• holographic

  adj. using three-dimensional projected images

  Surgeons train with holographic models.

• disruptive

  adj. radically changing an industry

  Disruptive innovation reshaped patient care.

• cognitive

  adj. relating to thinking and memory

  Sleep loss impairs cognitive function.

• genetic

  adj. relating to genes and heredity

  Genetic testing reveals inherited risks.

• regenerative

  adj. able to regrow or restore tissue

  Regenerative medicine repairs damaged organs.

• prophylactic

  adj. acting to prevent disease

  Prophylactic measures curbed the outbreak.

• asymptomatic

  adj. showing no symptoms of disease

  Many carriers remain asymptomatic for weeks.

• disseminate

  v. to spread widely

  Researchers disseminate findings through journals.

• facilitate

  v. to make something easier

  Apps facilitate communication between patients and doctors.

• quantify

  v. to express as a number

  Wearables quantify physical activity precisely.

• calibrate

  v. to adjust for accuracy

  Technicians calibrate the scanner each morning.

• extrapolate

  v. to estimate beyond known data

  Analysts extrapolate trends from past records.

• remediate

  v. to correct or fix a problem

  Engineers remediate security flaws quickly.

• modulate

  v. to adjust or regulate

  Certain drugs modulate the immune response.

• proliferate

  v. to grow or spread rapidly

  Health apps have proliferated in recent years.

• aggregate

  v. to gather into a total

  The system aggregates data from many devices.

• anonymize

  v. to remove identifying details

  Researchers anonymize patient records before analysis.

• threshold

  n. the point at which something begins

  The alarm triggers above a set threshold.

• paradigm

  n. a typical pattern or model

  Preventive care marks a new paradigm in medicine.

• trajectory

  n. the path something follows over time

  Data shows the disease's likely trajectory.

• anomaly

  n. something that differs from the norm

  The scan flagged an anomaly in the tissue.

• modality

  n. a method of treatment or imaging

  MRI is a powerful imaging modality.

• ecosystem

  n. a network of connected parts

  A digital health ecosystem links many services.

• incubation

  n. the period before symptoms appear

  The virus has a short incubation period.

• remission

  n. a period when illness lessens

  The patient has been in remission for a year.

• compliance

  n. the act of following rules or treatment

  Patient compliance improves treatment outcomes.

• scalability

  n. the capacity to expand effectively

  Cloud systems offer great scalability.

• redundancy

  n. a backup to prevent failure

  The hospital server has built-in redundancy.

• latency

  n. the delay before a response

  Low latency is vital for remote surgery.

• encrypt

  v. to convert data into a secret code

  The app encrypts every health message.

• predictive

  adj. able to forecast future events

  Predictive models warn of likely outbreaks.

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